ʻO nā mea huna o ka microstructure fiberglass

Ke ʻike mākou i nā huahana i hana ʻiaaniani uila, ʻike pinepine mākou i ko lākou hiʻohiʻona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, akā ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo: He aha ke ʻano o loko o kēia filament ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo paha? ʻO kēia mau microstructure i ʻike ʻole ʻia e hāʻawi i ka fiberglass i kāna mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa, e like me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. I kēia lā, e ʻimi mākou i ka "honua i loko" o ka fiberglass e hōʻike i nā mea huna o kona ʻano.

ʻO ka Microscopic Foundation: "Disordered Order" ma ka Atomic Level

Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona atomic, ʻo ka mea nui o ka fiberglass he silicon dioxide (maʻamau 50% -70% ma ke kaupaona), me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, a me ka alumini oxide i hoʻohui ʻia e hoʻoponopono i kona mau waiwai. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kēia mau ʻātoma e hoʻoholo i nā ʻano kumu o ka fiberglass.

ʻAʻole like me ka "kauoha lōʻihi" o nā ʻātoma i loko o nā mea crystalline (e like me nā metala a i ʻole quartz crystals), hōʻike ka hoʻonohonoho atomic i ka fiberglass."kauoha pōkole, maʻi lōʻihi."E hoʻopuka maʻalahi, ma kahi kūloko (i loko o ka laulā o kekahi mau ʻātoma), hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻātoma silika me nā ʻātoma oxygen ʻehā, e hana ana i kahi pyramid-like.“silica tetrahedron”hale kūkulu. Ua kauoha ʻia kēia hoʻonohonoho kūloko. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka pālākiō nui, ʻaʻole hana kēia silica tetrahedra i kahi lattice e hoʻomau pinepine ʻia e like me ke aniani. Akā, ua hoʻopili wale ʻia lākou a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi ʻano ʻinoʻino, e like me ka puʻu o nā poloka hale i hui ʻole ʻia, e hana ana i kahi ʻano aniani amorphous.

ʻO kēia ʻano amorphous kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waenaaniani uilaa me ke aniani maʻamau. I ke kaʻina hoʻoluʻu o ke aniani maʻamau, loaʻa i nā atoms ka manawa e hana ai i nā kristal liʻiliʻi i kauoha ʻia i ka ʻāina, e alakaʻi ana i ka brittleness kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, hana ʻia ka fiberglass e ke aniani hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki. ʻAʻohe manawa o nā ʻātoma e hoʻonohonoho pono iā lākou iho a ua "paʻa" i loko o kēia ʻano ʻino, amorphous. Hoʻemi kēia i nā hemahema ma nā palena aniani, e ʻae ana i ka fiber e mālama i nā waiwai o ke aniani me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika tensile.

ʻO ka Monofilament Structure: He Mea Kaulike mai ka "Skin" a i ka "Core"

ʻO ka fiberglass a mākou e ʻike nei he nui maolimonofilaments, akā, ʻo kēlā me kēia monofilament kahi ʻāpana hoʻonohonoho piha iā ia iho. He 5-20 micrometers ke anawaena o ka monofilament (ma kahi o 1/5 a 1/2 ke anawaena o ka lauoho kanaka). He ʻaʻahu like kona ʻano“ʻano cylindrical paʻa”me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka waiho ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, mai ka manaʻo o ka puʻupuʻu microscopic haku mele, aia nā ʻokoʻa "ʻili-core" maʻalahi.

I ka wā o ke kaha kiʻi ʻana, ʻoiai ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke aniani hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai nā puka liʻiliʻi o ka spinneret, e maʻalili wikiwiki ka ʻili i ka pili ʻana me ka lewa, a lilo i mea lahilahi loa.“ʻili”papa (ma kahi o 0.1-0.5 micrometers ka mānoanoa). ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o kēia ʻili ʻili ma mua o ko loko“kumu.”ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka silicon dioxide i loko o ka ʻili ʻili ma mua o ke kumu, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻonohonoho atomika me ka liʻiliʻi o nā hemahema. ʻO kēia ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi o ka haku mele ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā e ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻili o ka monofilament i ka paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma mua o ke kumu. Hoʻemi ia i ka hiki ʻana o nā māwae o ka ʻili - hoʻomaka pinepine ka hemahema o ka waiwai me nā hemahema o ka ʻili, a ʻo kēia ʻili paʻa e hana ma ke ʻano he "shell" pale no ka monofilament.

Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻokoʻa ʻili maʻalahi, kahi kiʻekiʻeaniani uilaʻO ka monofilament kekahi ʻano like ʻole poʻe i loko o kāna ʻāpana keʻa, me ka hapa anawaena e hoʻomalu mau ʻia i loko o 1 micrometer. Ke hōʻoia nei kēia ʻano geometric like ʻole i ka wā e koʻikoʻi ai ka monofilament, e puʻunaue like ʻia ke koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, e pale ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ke koʻikoʻi ma muli o nā hemahema o ka mānoanoa kūloko a no laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ikaika tensile holoʻokoʻa.

Ka Hoʻohui Hui: ʻO ka hui ʻana o "Yarn" a me "Fabric"

ʻOiai ikaika nā monofilaments, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ko lākou anawaena no ka hoʻohana wale ʻana. No laila, aia ka fiberglass ma ke ʻano he a"hui,"ʻoi loa e like me“hilinaʻi fiberglass”a“ka lole fiberglass.”ʻO kā lākou hoʻolālā ka hopena o ka hui pū ʻana o nā monofilaments.

ʻO ka fiberglass yarn kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā kakini a hiki i nā kaukani monofilaments, i hui ʻia e kekahi“wiliwili”a i ʻole ka noho ʻana"ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia."Untwisted yarn he ohi wehe ia o na monofilaments like, me ke ano maalahi, i hoohana mua ia no ka hana ana i ka huluhulu aniani, na oki oki, a pela aku. Hoʻonui kēia ʻano i ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o nā monofilaments, e pale ana i ka ʻili mai ka wehe ʻana ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi, kūpono ia no ka ulana ʻana, wili, a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka“helu”o ka yarn (he index e hōʻike ana i ka helu o nā monofilaments, no ka laʻana, he 1200 tex yarn he 1200 monofilaments) a“wili”(ka helu o nā wili no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana lōʻihi) e hoʻoholo pololei i ka ikaika o ke kaula, ka maʻalahi, a me ka hana hoʻoponopono hope.

ʻO ka lole fiberglass he ʻano like me ka lau i hana ʻia mai ke kaula fiberglass ma o ke kaʻina hana ulana. ʻO nā mea ulana maʻamau ʻekolu, ʻo ia ka maʻalahi, ka twill, a me ka satin.Ka ulana maʻemaʻeHoʻokumu ʻia ka lole ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā kaula weft a me nā kaula weft, e hopena i kahi ʻano paʻa me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa akā paʻa ka ikaika, e kūpono ia i mea kumu no nā mea hana. Inulana loleʻO ka lole, ka lole a me ka weft yarns interlace i ka ratio o 2: 1 a i ʻole 3: 1, e hana ana i kahi ʻano diagonal ma ka ʻili. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka ulana maʻamau a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā huahana e pono ai ke kulou a i ʻole ke ʻano.Ka ulana satinhe liʻiliʻi nā kiko interlacing, me nā kaula weft a i ʻole nā ​​kaula weft e hana ana i nā laina lana mau ma ka ʻili. He palupalu kēia ulana i ka hoʻopā ʻana a he ʻili maʻemaʻe kona, kūpono ia i nā mea hoʻonaninani a i ʻole nā ​​mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Inā he wili a i ʻole ka lole, ʻo ke kumu o ka hui hui e hoʻokō i kahi hoʻonui hana o“1+1>2″ma o ka hui pū ʻana o nā monofilaments. Hāʻawi nā monofilaments i ka ikaika maʻamau, ʻoiai ke hāʻawi ka hui hui i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ka maʻalahi, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono like ʻole, mai ka insulation thermal a hiki i ka hoʻoikaika kino.