ʻO ka Superconductivity kahi hanana kino kahi e hāʻule ai ke kū'ē uila o kahi mea i ka ʻole ma kahi mahana koʻikoʻi. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) kahi wehewehe kūpono, e wehewehe ana i ka superconductivity i ka hapa nui o nā mea. Kuhikuhi ia ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui electron Cooper i loko o ka lattice kristal ma kahi mahana haʻahaʻa kūpono, a ʻo ka superconductivity BCS mai kā lākou condensation. ʻOiai ʻo graphene ponoʻī he alakaʻi uila maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka superconductivity BCS ma muli o ke kāohi ʻana o ka pilina electron-phonon. ʻO ia ke kumu he nui nā alakaʻi "maikaʻi" (e like me ke gula a me ke keleawe) he superconductors "maikaʻi ʻole".
Ua hōʻike nā kānaka noiʻi ma ke Kikowaena no ka Physics Theoretical o nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī (PCS) ma ka Institute of Basic Science (IBS, Kōlea Hema) i kahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe hou e hoʻokō ai i ka superconductivity i loko o graphene. Ua hoʻokō lākou i kēia hana ma ka hāpai ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hybrid i haku ʻia me ka graphene a me ka Bose-Einstein condensate ʻelua-dimensional (BEC). Ua paʻi ʻia ka noiʻi ma ka puke pai 2D Materials.
He ʻōnaehana hybrid i hana ʻia me ke kinoea electron (papa luna) i loko o ka graphene, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka condensate Bose-Einstein ʻelua-dimensional, i hōʻike ʻia e nā excitons indirect (nā papa polū a me ka ʻulaʻula). Hoʻopili ʻia nā electrons a me nā excitons i loko o ka graphene e ka ikaika Coulomb.
(a) ʻO ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ka hakahaka superconducting i loko o ke kaʻina hana i hoʻopili ʻia e bogolon me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mahana (laina dashed) a me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mahana (laina paʻa). (b) ʻO ka mahana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻololi superconducting ma ke ʻano he hana o ka nui o ka condensate no nā pilina i hoʻopili ʻia e bogolon me (laina dashed ʻulaʻula) a me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mahana (laina paʻa ʻeleʻele). Hōʻike ka laina kiko polū i ka mahana hoʻololi BKT ma ke ʻano he hana o ka nui o ka condensate.
Ma waho aʻe o ka superconductivity, ʻo BEC kekahi hanana ʻē aʻe e kū mai ana ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa. ʻO ia ke kūlana ʻelima o ka mea i wānana mua ʻia e Einstein i ka makahiki 1924. Hana ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o BEC i ka wā e hōʻuluʻulu ai nā ʻātoma ikehu haʻahaʻa a komo i ke kūlana ikehu like, kahi kahua o ka noiʻi nui ʻana i ka physics mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hōʻike maoli ka ʻōnaehana hybrid Bose-Fermi i ka launa pū ʻana o kahi papa o nā electrons me kahi papa o nā bosons, e like me nā excitons indirect, exciton-polarons, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana Bose a me Fermi i alakaʻi i nā ʻano hanana hou a hoihoi, i hoʻāla i ka hoihoi o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻIke kumu a me ka noi.
Ma kēia hana, ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi i kahi ʻano hana superconducting hou i loko o ka graphene, ʻo ia hoʻi ma muli o ka pilina ma waena o nā electrons a me nā "bogolons" ma mua o nā phonons i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana BCS maʻamau. ʻO nā Bogolons a i ʻole Bogoliubov quasiparticles he mau hoʻonāukiuki i loko o BEC, nona kekahi mau ʻano o nā ʻāpana. I loko o kekahi mau pae palena, hiki i kēia ʻano hana ke hōʻea i ka mahana koʻikoʻi superconducting i loko o ka graphene e hiki i ka 70 Kelvin. Ua hoʻomohala pū nā mea noiʻi i kahi kumumanaʻo BCS microscopic hou e kālele pono ana i nā ʻōnaehana e pili ana i ka graphene hybrid hou. Ua wānana pū ke kumu hoʻohālike a lākou i hāpai ai e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā waiwai superconducting me ka mahana, e hopena ana i ka hilinaʻi ʻole o ka mahana monotonic o ka superconducting gap.
Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina ua mālama ʻia ka Dirac dispersion o graphene i loko o kēia papahana bogolon-mediated. Hōʻike kēia e pili ana kēia ʻano hana superconducting i nā electrons me ka relativistic dispersion, a ʻaʻole i ʻimi maikaʻi ʻia kēia hanana i ka physics condensed matter.
Hōʻike kēia hana i kahi ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō ai i ka superconductivity wela kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa like, ma ka kaohi ʻana i nā waiwai o ka condensate, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoponopono i ka superconductivity o graphene. Hōʻike kēia i kahi ala ʻē aʻe e kaohi ai i nā mea hana superconducting i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-16-2021 
