ʻO ka Superconductivity kahi hanana kino kahi e hāʻule ai ke kūpaʻa uila o kahi mea i ʻole ma kahi wela koʻikoʻi.ʻO ke kumumanaʻo Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) kahi wehewehe kūpono, e wehewehe ana i ka superconductivity i ka hapa nui o nā mea.E kuhikuhi ana i ka Cooper electron mau hui 'ana i loko o ka aniani lattice ma ka lawa haʻahaʻa wela, a me ka BCS superconductivity mai ko lakou condensation.ʻOiai ʻo ka graphene ponoʻī he mea hoʻokele uila maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka superconductivity BCS ma muli o ke kāohi ʻana i ka pilina electron-phonon.ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻokele "maikaʻi" (e like me ke gula a me ke keleawe) he superconductors "ʻino".
Ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi ma ka Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems (PCS) ma ka Institute of Basic Science (IBS, South Korea) i kahi hana hou e hoʻokō ai i ka superconductivity i ka graphene.Ua hoʻokō lākou i kēia hana ma ke noi ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hybrid i haku ʻia me ka graphene a me ʻelua-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).Ua paʻi ʻia ka noiʻi ma ka puke pai 2D Materials.
He ʻōnaehana hybrid i loaʻa i ke kinoea electron (papa luna) i ka graphene, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka condensate Bose-Einstein ʻelua-dimensional, i hōʻike ʻia e nā excitons indirect (nā papa uliuli a me ka ʻulaʻula).Hoʻohui ʻia nā electrons a me nā excitons i ka graphene e ka ikaika Coulomb.
(a) ʻO ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ka wela o ka superconducting gap i loko o ke kaʻina hana bogolon-mediated me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mahana (laina dashed) a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻana o ka wela (laina paʻa).(b) ʻO ka wela koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻololi superconducting ma ke ʻano he hana o ka condensate density no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka bogolon-mediated me (laina ʻulaʻula dashed) a me ka ʻole (laina paʻa ʻeleʻele) hoʻoponopono wela.Hōʻike ka laina kiko polū i ka mahana hoʻololi BKT ma ke ʻano he hana o ka condensate density.
Ma waho aʻe o ka superconductivity, ʻo BEC kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e kū ana ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.ʻO ia ka pae ʻelima o ka mea i wānana mua ʻia e Einstein i ka makahiki 1924. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka BEC i ka wā e ʻākoakoa ai nā mana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a komo i ke kūlana ikehu hoʻokahi, ʻo ia kahi kahua o ka noiʻi nui i ka physics condensed matter.Hōʻike maoli ka ʻōnaehana Bose-Fermi hybrid i ka pilina o kahi papa o nā electrons me kahi papa o nā bosons, e like me nā excitons indirect, exciton-polarons, a pēlā aku.ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana Bose a me Fermi i alakaʻi i nā ʻano moʻolelo like ʻole a me nā mea kupanaha, i hoʻāla i ka hoihoi o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.Nānā kumu a me ka noi.
Ma kēia hana, ua hōʻike ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi mea hana superconducting hou i ka graphene, ma muli o ka pilina ma waena o nā electrons a me "bogolons" ma mua o nā phonons i kahi ʻōnaehana BCS maʻamau.ʻO Bogolons a i ʻole Bogoliubov quasiparticles he mau hauʻoli i ka BEC, nona kekahi mau ʻano o nā ʻāpana.Ma loko o kekahi mau palena palena, hiki i kēia mīkini ke hiki i ka superconducting koʻikoʻi wela i ka graphene a hiki i ka 70 Kelvin.Ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi i kahi manaʻo microscopic BCS hou e kālele pono ana i nā ʻōnaehana e pili ana i ka graphene hybrid hou.ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike a lākou i manaʻo ai e wānana e hiki ke hoʻonui i nā waiwai superconducting me ka mahana, e hopena i ka hilinaʻi ʻole o ka wela o ka superconducting gap.
Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e mālama ʻia ka Dirac dispersion o ka graphene i kēia papahana bogolon-mediated.Hōʻike kēia i kēia hana superconducting e pili ana i nā electrons me ka dispersion relativistic, a ʻaʻole i ʻimi maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o ka physics condensed matter.
Hōʻike kēia hana i kahi ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō ai i ka superconductivity kiʻekiʻe.I ka manawa like, ma ka mālama ʻana i nā waiwai o ka condensate, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoponopono i ka superconductivity o graphene.Hōʻike kēia i kahi ala ʻē aʻe e kāohi ai i nā mea superconducting i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-16-2021 
