Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hui ma ke kālepa no nā makahiki he 50 a ʻoi. I nā pae mua o ke kālepa ʻana, hoʻohana wale ʻia lākou i nā noi kiʻekiʻe e like me ka aerospace a me ka pale kaua. Ke hoʻomau nei ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, ke hoʻomaka nei nā mea hui e kālepa ʻia ma nā ʻoihana hoʻohana hope like ʻole e like me nā waiwai haʻuki, nā mokulele kīwila, nā kaʻa, nā moana, nā ʻenekinia kīwila a me ke kūkulu ʻana. I kēia manawa, ua emi nui ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hui (nā mea maka a me ka hana ʻana) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā makahiki i hala, e ʻae ana iā lākou e hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka nui o nā ʻoihana.
ʻO ka mea i hui pū ʻia he hui ʻana o ka fiber a me ka resin ma kahi ʻāpana. ʻOiai ʻo ka matrix resin e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano hope loa o ka composite, hana nā fibers ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻāpana composite. ʻOkoʻa ka lakio o ka resin i ka fiber me ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻāpana e pono ai e ka Tier 1 a i ʻole ka Mea Hana Mea Hana Kumu (OEM).
ʻO ke ʻano halihali ukana mua e pono ai kahi hapa nui o nā olonā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka matrix resin, ʻoiai ʻo ke ʻano lua e pono ai ka hapaha wale nō o nā olonā i loko o ka matrix resin. Pili kēia i ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana, ʻo ka lakio o ka resin i ka olonā e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana.
Ua lilo ka ʻoihana moku holo moana i mea nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hui honua, me nā mea kumu huʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike pū ʻia kahi emi ʻana, me ka lohi ʻana o ka hana moku a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā waihona. ʻO kēia emi ʻana o ke koi ma muli paha o ka makaʻala o ka mea kūʻai aku, ka emi ʻana o ka mana kūʻai, a me ka hoʻololi hou ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai palena i nā hana ʻoihana waiwai a koʻikoʻi. Ke hoʻoponopono hou nei nā hale hana moku i kā lākou huahana a me nā hoʻolālā ʻoihana e hōʻemi i nā pohō. I loko o kēia wā, ua koi ʻia nā hale hana moku liʻiliʻi he nui e haʻalele a loaʻa paha ma muli o ka nalowale ʻana o ke kapikala hana, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka ʻoihana maʻamau. Ua loaʻa kahi pilikia i ka hana ʻana o nā moku holo nui (>35 kapuaʻi), ʻoiai ua lilo nā waʻa liʻiliʻi (<24 kapuaʻi) i mea nui o ka hana ʻana.
No ke aha nā mea i hui pū ʻia?
Hāʻawi nā mea hui i nā pono he nui ma mua o ka metala a me nā mea kuʻuna ʻē aʻe, e like me ka lāʻau, i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka waʻa. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā metala e like me ke kila a i ʻole ka alumini, hiki i nā mea hui ke hōʻemi i ke kaumaha holoʻokoʻa o kahi ʻāpana ma 30 a 40 pakeneka. ʻO ka hōʻemi holoʻokoʻa o ke kaumaha e lawe mai i kahi litany o nā pono lua, e like me nā kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa, nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo haʻahaʻa a me ka pono o ka wahie. Hoʻemi hou ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hui i ke kaumaha ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea paʻa ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana.
Hāʻawi pū nā Composites i nā mea hana waʻa i ke kūʻokoʻa hoʻolālā nui aʻe, e hiki ai ke hana i nā ʻāpana me nā ʻano paʻakikī. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o ke ola o nā ʻāpana composite inā hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻokūkū ma muli o ko lākou kumukūʻai mālama haʻahaʻa a me ko lākou kumukūʻai hoʻonohonoho a me ka ʻākoakoa ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa i ka pala a me ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ke loaʻa nei ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o nā composite i waena o nā OEM waʻa a me nā mea hoʻolako Tier 1.
Huihui moana
ʻOiai nā hemahema o nā mea i hui pū ʻia, ua manaʻoʻiʻo mau ka nui o nā hale hana moku a me nā mea hoʻolako Tier 1 e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea i hui pū ʻia i nā yachts moana.
ʻOiai e manaʻo ʻia ana nā waʻa nui e hoʻohana i nā composites holomua e like me nā plastics i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ke kalapona fiber (CFRP), ʻo nā waʻa liʻiliʻi ke kumu nui o ke koi holoʻokoʻa no nā composites moana. No ka laʻana, ma nā yachts hou a me nā catamarans, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea composite holomua, e like me ke kalapona fiber/epoxy a me ka polyurethane foam, e hana i nā hulls, keels, decks, transoms, rigs, bulkheads, stringers a me masts, akā ʻo kēia mau superyachts a i ʻole catamarans he hapa liʻiliʻi ia o ka nui o ke koi waʻa.
ʻOiai nā hemahema o nā mea i hui pū ʻia, ua manaʻoʻiʻo mau ka nui o nā hale hana moku a me nā mea hoʻolako Tier 1 e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea i hui pū ʻia i nā yachts moana.
ʻOiai e manaʻo ʻia ana nā waʻa nui e hoʻohana i nā composites holomua e like me nā plastics i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ke kalapona fiber (CFRP), ʻo nā waʻa liʻiliʻi ke kumu nui o ke koi holoʻokoʻa no nā composites moana. No ka laʻana, ma nā yachts hou a me nā catamarans, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea composite holomua, e like me ke kalapona fiber/epoxy a me ka polyurethane foam, e hana i nā hulls, keels, decks, transoms, rigs, bulkheads, stringers a me masts, akā ʻo kēia mau superyachts a i ʻole catamarans he hapa liʻiliʻi ia o ka nui o ke koi waʻa.
ʻO ke koi holoʻokoʻa no nā waʻa e komo pū ana me nā waʻa mīkini (inboard, outboard a me stern drive), nā waʻa jet, nā moku wai pilikino a me nā waʻa peʻa (yachts).
E piʻi aʻe ana nā kumukūʻai o nā Composites, ʻoiai e piʻi aʻe ana nā kumukūʻai no nā olonā aniani, nā thermosets a me nā resins thermoplastic me nā kumukūʻai aila maka a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻokomo ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ʻia e emi iho nā kumukūʻai o ke kalapona kalapona i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hiki ke hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā precursors ʻē aʻe. Akā, ʻaʻole nui kona hopena holoʻokoʻa i nā kumukūʻai composite moana, ʻoiai ʻo nā plastics i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ke kalapona kalapona he hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō o ke koi o nā composite moana.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā olonā aniani nā mea olonā nui no nā composites moana, a ʻo nā polyesters unsaturated a me nā vinyl esters nā mea polymer nui. E hoʻomau ka Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) i ka paʻa ʻana i kahi hapa nui o ka mākeke foam core.
Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o ka nui o ke koi no nā mea hui moana i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka fiber aniani (GFRP), ʻoiai ʻo 15% nā mea kumu huʻa. ʻO ke koena he mau plastics i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka fiber kalapona, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā waʻa nui a me nā noi hopena koʻikoʻi ma nā mākeke niche.
Ke ʻike nei ka mākeke composites moana e ulu nei i kahi ʻano i nā mea hou a me nā ʻenehana. Ua hoʻomaka nā mea hoʻolako composites moana i kahi ʻimi no ka hana hou, e hoʻolauna ana i nā bio-resins hou, nā olonā kūlohelohe, nā polyesters haʻahaʻa-hoʻokuʻu, nā prepregs haʻahaʻa-kaomi, nā cores a me nā mea fiberglass i ulana ʻia. E pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana, ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike styrene, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki ke hana a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-05-2022
