nūhou

1) Ke kū'ē'ē'ana i ka palaho a me ke ola lawelawe lō'ihi

Loaʻa i nā paipu FRP ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala, e kūʻē ana i ka pala mai nā waikawa, alkalis, paʻakai, wai kai, wai hoʻoneoneo ʻaila, lepo pala, a me ka wai honua—ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea kemika he nui. Hōʻike pū lākou i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i nā oxides ikaika a me nā halogens. No laila, ua hoʻolōʻihi nui ʻia ke ola o kēia mau paipu, ma mua o 30 mau makahiki. Hōʻike nā hoʻohālike keʻena hoʻokolohua i kēlāNā paipu FRPhiki ke loaʻa ke ola lawelawe ma mua o 50 mau makahiki. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, pono nā paipu metala ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa, saline-alkali, a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi ʻino ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka mālama ʻana ma hope o 3-5 mau makahiki wale nō, me ke ola lawelawe ma kahi o 15-20 mau makahiki wale nō, a me nā kumukūʻai mālama kiʻekiʻe i nā pae hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Ua hōʻoia ka ʻike kūloko a me ka honua e mālama ana nā paipu FRP i 85% o ko lākou ikaika ma hope o 15 mau makahiki a me 75% ma hope o 25 mau makahiki, me nā kumukūʻai mālama haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku kēia mau waiwai ʻelua ma mua o ka palena iki o ka paʻa ʻana o ka ikaika e pono ai no nā huahana FRP i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana kemika ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻO ke ola lawelawe o nā paipu FRP, he mea hopohopo nui, ua hōʻoia ʻia e ka ʻikepili hoʻokolohua mai nā noi maoli. 1) Nā ʻano Hydraulic maikaʻi loa: ʻO nā pipeline FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) i hoʻokomo ʻia ma US i nā makahiki 1960 ua hoʻohana ʻia no nā makahiki he 40 a ke hana mau nei.

2) Nā ʻano Hydraulic maikaʻi

ʻO nā paia o loko he laumania, ka haʻalulu hydraulic haʻahaʻa, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka scaling a me ka popo. He ʻano ʻinoʻino nā paia o loko o nā paipu metala, e hopena ana i kahi coefficient kiʻekiʻe o ka friction e hoʻonui koke ʻia me ka corrosion, e alakaʻi ana i ka nalowale o ke kūʻē. Hāʻawi pū ka ʻili ʻino i nā kūlana no ka waiho ʻana o ke unahi. Eia naʻe, he ʻinoʻino ko nā paipu FRP he 0.0053, ʻo ia hoʻi he 2.65% o nā paipu kila seamless, a ʻo nā paipu hui plastik i hoʻoikaika ʻia he 0.001 wale nō ka ʻinoʻino, ʻo ia hoʻi he 0.5% o nā paipu kila seamless. No laila, no ka mea e mau ana ka laumania o ka paia o loko i kona ola holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ke coefficient kūʻē haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi nui i ka nalowale o ke kaomi ma ka pipeline, mālama i ka ikehu, hoʻonui i ka hiki ke lawe, a lawe mai i nā pono waiwai nui. Kāohi pū ka ʻili laumania i ka waiho ʻana o nā mea haumia e like me ka bacteria, ka unahi, a me ka wax, e pale ana i ka haumia o ka medium i lawe ʻia.

3) Maikaʻi Anti-kahiko, Kū'ē Wela, a me ke Kū'ē Hau

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu fiberglass no nā wā lōʻihi i loko o kahi pae mahana o -40 a 80 ℃. Hiki i nā resins kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe me nā ʻano hana kūikawā ke hana maʻamau i nā mahana ma luna o 200 ℃. No nā paipu i hoʻohana ʻia ma waho no nā wā lōʻihi, hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻomoʻa ultraviolet i ka ʻili waho e hoʻopau i ka radiation ultraviolet a hoʻolohi i ka ʻelemakule.

4) Ke alakaʻi wela haʻahaʻa, ka pale maikaʻi a me nā waiwai pale uila

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka conductivity wela o nā mea paipu i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ka Papa 1. ʻO ka conductivity wela o nā paipu fiberglass he 0.4 W/m·K, ma kahi o 8‰ o ke kila, e hopena ana i ka hana insulation maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole conductive ka Fiberglass a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole metala, me ke kūpaʻa insulation o 10¹² a 10¹⁵ Ω·cm, e hāʻawi ana i ka insulation uila maikaʻi loa, e kūpono ana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi me nā laina hoʻoili mana paʻa a me nā laina kelepona a me nā wahi i maʻalahi i nā hahau uila.

5) Māmā, ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa luhi maikaʻi

Ka nui opalaki i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ka fiberglass (FRP)Aia ma waena o 1.6 a me 2.0 g/cm³, ʻo ia hoʻi he 1-2 mau manawa wale nō o ke kila maʻamau a ma kahi o 1/3 o ka alumini. No ka mea, he kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika tensile a me ka modulus elastic o nā olonā hoʻomau i loko o ka FRP, hiki i kona ikaika mechanical ke hiki a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ke kila kalapona maʻamau, a ʻo kona ikaika kikoʻī he ʻehā manawa o ke kila. Hōʻike ka Papa 2 i kahi hoʻohālikelike o ka density, ka ikaika tensile, a me ka ikaika kikoʻī o FRP me kekahi mau metala. Loaʻa i nā mea FRP ke kūpaʻa luhi maikaʻi. Hoʻomohala koke ka hemahema luhi i nā mea metala mai loko mai, pinepine me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo aʻo mua; akā naʻe, i loko o nā composites i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka fiber, hiki i ka interface ma waena o nā olonā a me ka matrix ke pale i ka laha ʻana o ka haki, a hoʻomaka mau ka hemahema luhi mai kahi nāwaliwali loa o ka mea. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā paipu FRP e loaʻa nā ikaika circumferential a me axial like ʻole ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka fiber layup e kūlike me ke kūlana stress, ma muli o nā ikaika circumferential a me axial.

6) Ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka ʻaʻahu

Wahi a nā hoʻokolohua pili, ma lalo o nā kūlana like a ma hope o 250,000 mau pōʻaiapuni ukana, ʻo ke ʻano o nā paipu kila ma kahi o 8.4 mm, nā paipu sima asbestos ma kahi o 5.5 mm, nā paipu sima ma kahi o 2.6 mm (me ke ʻano o loko o ka ʻili e like me PCCP), nā paipu lepo ma kahi o 2.2 mm, nā paipu polyethylene kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 0.9 mm, ʻoiai ʻo nā paipu fiberglass wale nō i ʻino a hiki i ka 0.3 mm. He liʻiliʻi loa ke ʻano o ka ʻili o nā paipu fiberglass, he 0.3 mm wale nō ma lalo o nā ukana kaumaha. Ma lalo o ke kaomi maʻamau, ʻaʻole nui ke ʻano o ka waena ma ka uhi o loko o ka paipu fiberglass. ʻO kēia no ka mea ua hana ʻia ka uhi o loko o ka paipu fiberglass me ka resin kiʻekiʻe a me ka moena fiber aniani i ʻokiʻoki ʻia, a ʻo ka papa resin ma ka ʻili o loko e pale pono i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka fiber.

7) Hoʻolālā maikaʻi

He mea hui pū ʻia ka Fiberglass nona nā ʻano mea maka, nā ʻāpana, a me nā hoʻonohonoho hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e hoʻololi i nā kūlana hana like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻolālā a hana ʻia nā paipu Fiberglass e hoʻokō i nā koi kikoʻī o ka mea hoʻohana, e like me nā mahana like ʻole, nā kahe o ke kahe, nā kaomi, nā hohonu kanu, a me nā kūlana ukana, e hopena ana i nā paipu me ke kūpaʻa wela like ʻole, nā helu kaomi, a me nā pae paʻakikī.Nā paipu fiberglassʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā resins pale wela kiʻekiʻe i hana kūikawā ʻia hiki ke hana maʻamau i nā mahana ma luna o 200 ℃. He maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili paipu Fiberglass. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā flanges, nā kuʻekuʻe, nā tees, nā mea hoʻemi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ke koho ʻole ʻia. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā flanges i kekahi flange kila o ke kaomi like a me ke anawaena paipu e kūlike me nā kūlana aupuni. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā kuʻekuʻe ma kekahi kihi e like me nā pono o ke kahua kūkulu. No nā mea paipu ʻē aʻe, nā kuʻekuʻe, nā tees, a me nā mea hoʻopili ʻē aʻe he paʻakikī ke hana koe wale nō nā ʻāpana maʻamau o nā kikoʻī i kuhikuhi ʻia.

8) Nā kumukūʻai kūkulu a me ka mālama haʻahaʻa

He māmā nā paipu fiberglass, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, palupalu loa, maʻalahi ke lawe ʻia, a maʻalahi hoʻi ke kau ʻana, ʻaʻole pono ke ahi hāmama, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ke kūkulu palekana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka paipu hoʻokahi e hōʻemi i ka helu o nā hui i loko o ka papahana a hoʻopau i ka pono no ka pale ʻana i ka popo, ka anti-fouling, ka insulation, a me nā hana mālama wela, e hopena ana i nā kumukūʻai kūkulu haʻahaʻa a me ka mālama ʻana. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka pale Cathodic no nā paipu i kanu ʻia, hiki ke mālama ma mua o 70% o nā kumukūʻai mālama ʻenekinia.