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ʻO nā olonā ka mea i hoʻomalu ʻia i nā ʻano kino o nā composites. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, i ka wā e hui pū ʻia ai nā resins a me nā olonā, ua like loa ko lākou mau ʻano me nā olonā pākahi. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili hoʻāʻo ʻo nā mea i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka fiber nā ʻāpana e hāpai ana i ka hapa nui o ke kaumaha. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i ka lole i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai i nā ʻano composite.
E hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoikaika e pono ai no kāu papahana. Hiki i kahi mea hana maʻamau ke koho mai ʻekolu mau ʻano hoʻoikaika maʻamau: fiber aniani, fiber kalapona a me Kevlar® (fiber aramid). ʻO ke aniani ka mea maʻamau ke koho ākea, ʻoiai ʻo ke kalapona e hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion kiʻekiʻe Kevlar®. E hoʻomanaʻo e hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano lole i loko o nā laminates e hana i nā puʻu hybrid e hāʻawi ana i nā pono o nā mea he nui ma mua o hoʻokahi.
Nā Hoʻoikaika Fiberglass
He mea kamaʻāina ka Fiberglass. ʻO ka Fiberglass ke kumu o ka ʻoihana composites. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia ma nā noi composite he nui mai ka makahiki 1950 a ua maopopo maikaʻi kona mau waiwai kino. He māmā ka Fiberglass, he ikaika tensile a me ka compressive kūpono, hiki ke kū i ka pōʻino a me ka ukana cyclic, a he maʻalahi hoʻi e lawelawe. ʻO nā huahana e puka mai ana mai ka hana ʻana ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he huahana fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP). He mea maʻamau ia ma nā wahi āpau o ke ola. ʻO ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai he fiberglass no ka mea ua hana ʻia kēia ʻano filament fiber ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka quartz a me nā mea ore ʻē aʻe ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi slurry aniani. A laila huki ʻia i waho ma nā filaments wikiwiki. ʻO kēia ʻano fiber ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole he nui. ʻO nā pono he pale wela, pale corrosion, ikaika nui. Hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi. A ʻo ka hemahema like o ka fiber carbon ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka huahana. Ductility maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAʻole pale i ke komo ʻana. I kēia manawa, maʻalahi ka insulation, ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ka anti-corrosion a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe he nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka plastic i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka fiber aniani.
ʻO ka Fiberglass ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia o nā composites āpau i loaʻa. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia ma muli o kona kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻano kino kūpono. He kūpono loa ka Fiberglass no nā papahana o kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻāpana ʻaʻole pono nui kahi lole fiber no ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa.
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā waiwai ikaika o ka fiberglass, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā resins epoxy a hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana lamination maʻamau. He kūpono ia no nā noi ma nā ʻoihana kaʻa, moana, kūkulu hale, kemika a me ka aerospace a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā waiwai haʻuki.

Hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke olonā Aramid
He hui kemika ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ka olonā aramid. Loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, ke kaumaha māmā a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui i ka ʻoihana pale. Nui nā noi i nā lako pale pōkā, nā lako lele.
ʻO nā olonā aramid kekahi o nā olonā synthetic ikaika kiʻekiʻe mua e loaʻa ka ʻae ʻia i ka ʻoihana plastics i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka fiber (FRP). He māmā nā olonā para-aramid papa composite, he ikaika tensile kūikawā maikaʻi loa, a ua manaʻo ʻia he kūpaʻa loa i ka hopena a me ka abrasion. ʻO nā noi maʻamau e pili ana i nā ʻili māmā e like me nā kayaks a me nā waʻa, nā panela fuselage mokulele a me nā moku kaomi, nā mīkina lima pale ʻoki, nā ʻaʻahu pale pōkā a me nā mea hou aku. Hoʻohana ʻia nā olonā aramid me nā resins epoxy a vinyl ester paha.

Hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kaula kalapona
Me ka nui o ke kalapona ma luna o 90%, ʻo ke kalapona ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka ʻoihana FRP. ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika compressive a me flexural nui loa o ka ʻoihana. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana, ua hui pū ʻia kēia mau olonā e hana i nā hoʻoikaika kalapona e like me nā lole a me nā tows. Hāʻawi ka hoʻoikaika kalapona i ka ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī kikoʻī, a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā hoʻoikaika fiber ʻē aʻe.
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā waiwai ikaika o ke kaula kalapona, pono e hoʻohana ʻia me nā resins epoxy a hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana lamination maʻamau. He kūpono ia no nā noi kaʻa, moana a me ka aerospace a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā waiwai haʻuki.