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ʻO nā ʻano kino o nā composites i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā fibers. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana o nā resins a me nā fibers, ua like loa ko lākou mau waiwai me nā mea o kēlā me kēia fiber. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili hoʻāʻo ʻo nā mea i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka fiber nā mea e lawe ai i ka hapa nui o ka ukana. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ke koho lole i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai i nā hale hana.
E hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e pono ai no kāu papahana. Hiki i ka mea hana maʻamau ke koho mai ʻekolu ʻano hoʻoikaika maʻamau: fiber glass, carbon fiber a me Kevlar® (aramid fiber). ʻO ka fiber Glass ka mea i koho ʻia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ke hāʻawi nei ka fiber carbon i ka ʻoʻoleʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion kiʻekiʻe o Kevlar®. E hoʻomanaʻo i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano lole i loko o nā laminates e hana i nā ʻāpana hybrid e hāʻawi ana i nā pono o nā mea ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi.
Nā Hoʻoikaika Fiberglass
He mea kama'āina ka fiberglass. ʻO Fiberglass ke kumu o ka ʻoihana composites. Ua hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi composite he nui mai ka makahiki 1950 a ua hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻia kona mau waiwai kino. He māmā ka Fiberglass, he tensile haʻahaʻa a me ka ikaika compressive, hiki ke pale i ka pōʻino a me ka hoʻouka ʻana, a maʻalahi ke lawelawe. ʻO nā huahana e puka mai ana mai ka hana ʻana i kapa ʻia ʻo nā huahana fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP). He mea maʻamau ia ma nā wahi a pau o ke ola. ʻO ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo fiberglass no ka mea, hana ʻia kēia ʻano filament fiber ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka quartz a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe i nā wela kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka slurry aniani. A laila huki ʻia me nā filament kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia ʻano fiber ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole he nui. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi. A ʻo ke kalapona kalapona i like ka hemahema ʻoi aku ka brittle o ka huahana. ʻAʻohe ductility. ʻAʻole ʻaʻahu-pale. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka insulation, ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ka maʻalahi o ka anti-corrosion a me nā māla ʻē aʻe he nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke aniani fiber reinforced plastic.
ʻO Fiberglass ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia o nā mea i loaʻa. ʻO ka hapa nui kēia ma muli o kāna kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā waiwai kino kūpono. Ua kūpono ʻo Fiberglass no nā papahana o kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻāpana ʻaʻole koi i ka lole fiber no ka ikaika hou a me ka lōʻihi.
No ka hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka fiberglass, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā resins epoxy a hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana lamination maʻamau. He kūpono ia no nā noi i nā ʻoihana kaʻa, moana, kūkulu, kemika a me nā ʻoihana aerospace a hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā mea haʻuki.

Hoʻoikaika ʻo Aramid Fiber
ʻO ka fiber Aramid kahi hui kemika kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ke kaumaha māmā a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui i ka ʻoihana pale. Nui ka nui o nā noi i nā lako pale pale, nā mea lele.
ʻO nā fiber Aramid kekahi o nā fibers synthetic ikaika kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa ai ka ʻae ʻia i ka ʻoihana fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). He māmā nā fiber para-aramid papa hana, loaʻa ka ikaika tensile kikoʻī maikaʻi loa, a manaʻo ʻia he kūpaʻa loa i ka hopena a me ka abrasion. ʻO nā noi maʻamau e pili ana i nā hull māmā e like me nā kayak a me nā waʻa, nā panela fuselage mokulele a me nā moku kaomi, nā mīkina lima ʻoki ʻoki, nā ʻaʻahu pale pōkā a me nā mea hou aku. Hoʻohana ʻia nā fiber Aramid me ka epoxy a i ʻole vinyl ester resins.

Hoʻoikaika ʻo Carbon Fiber
Me ka ʻike kalapona ma luna o 90%, ʻo ka fiber carbon ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ikaika tensile i ka ʻoihana FRP. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika compressive a flexural ʻoi loa o ka ʻoihana. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana, hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau fiber e hana i nā mea hoʻoikaika carbon fiber e like me nā lole a me nā huki. Hāʻawi ka carbon fiber reinforcement i ka ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa kikoʻī, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma mua o nā mea hoʻoikaika fiber ʻē aʻe.
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika o ka fiber carbon, pono e hoʻohana ʻia me nā resins epoxy a hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana lamination maʻamau. He kūpono ia no ka automotive, moana a me ka aerospace a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea haʻuki.